Blog
Reactive power compensation
12 Apr 2024

The electrical equipment of the power system will produce active power and reactive power when in use. Active power converts electrical energy into mechanical, thermal, chemical, or acoustic energy, while reactive power converts electrical energy into another form of energy, such as electrical energy occupied by electromagnetic components to build up a magnetic field.


The hazards of reactive power
Excessive reactive power will lead to the reduction of power factor, the increase of loss of power supply transformer and transmission line, and the low power supply efficiency. Therefore, the state has a strong impact on various substations, important loads, etc. If the reactive power factor is too low, the corresponding fee will be charged by the power grid company.


Reactive power high solution

Alternating current is phased, in the AC circuit, the phase of the capacitor is 90 degrees ahead, the phase lag of the inductor is 90 degrees, the capacitance and inductance can complement each other and stabilize the power supply quality, improve the power supply efficiency, reduce the loss of the role of the reactive power compensation by connecting the device with capacitive power load and the inductive power load in parallel in the same circuit. The electrical equipment of the power system is usually inductive, so the reactive power compensation can be achieved by properly paralleling the capacitors.


Automatic compensation device

At present, the mainstream compensation method is automatic compensation, which uses the reactive power compensation controller to switch the capacitor, as shown in the figure below.


Figure (1) Appearance of static intelligent reactive power compensation controller
Automatic compensation can meet the needs of most industry users, mature technology, small footprint, through mechanical switch switching capacitors, the use of mechanical switches (contactors, circuit breakers) and other according to the power factor controller instructions to switch capacitors, can automatically adjust the reactive power output, so that the system reactive power balance.



Figure (2) wiring diagram of reactive power compensation controller


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